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什么是杰出人才EB-1A

美國EB-1A杰出人才移民(Alien of Extraordinary Ability)屬于美國移民法規定的職業移民"第一優先"類的A類別。它包括在科學、藝術、教育、商業、或體育領域中具有特殊才能，取得很高成就，并持續享有國家級或國際性聲譽，而且其成果和貢獻在該領域得到廣泛認可的杰出專業人才。作為該領域中少數的頂尖人物之一，申請人在獲得綠卡后將在美國繼續從事其領域內的工作，并且其工作會對美國社會的相關發展，提供實質貢獻。

官方鏈接：

https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/permanent-workers/employment-based-immigration-first-preference-eb-1

杰出人才的具體衡量標準

The person has extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics, which has been demonstrated by sustained national or international acclaim, and whose achievements have been recognized in the field through extensive documentation.

The person seeks to enter the United States to continue work in the area of extraordinary ability.

The person's entry into the United States will substantially benefit the United States in the future.

申請人在科學、藝術、教育、商業或體育方面具有非凡的能力，并通過持續的國家或國際聲譽得到證明，其成就通過大量文件在該領域得到認可。

此人尋求進入美國繼續在其具有非凡能力的領域工作。

此人進入美國將在未來為美國帶來巨大利益。

1. Sustained National or International Acclaim

When filing a petition for a person with extraordinary ability, the petitioner must submit evidence that the person has sustained national or international acclaim and that the person's achievements have been recognized in the field of expertise.[4] In determining whether the beneficiary has enjoyed "sustained" national or international acclaim, the officer should consider that such acclaim must be maintained.[5] However, the term sustained does not imply an age limit on the beneficiary. A beneficiary may be very young or early in his or her career and still be able to show sustained acclaim. There is also no definitive time frame on what constitutes sustained.

If a person was recognized for a particular achievement, the officer should determine whether the person continues to maintain a comparable level of acclaim in the field of expertise since the person was originally afforded that recognition. A person may, for example, have achieved national or international acclaim in the past but then failed to maintain a comparable level of acclaim thereafter.

1持續的國內或國際聲譽解釋：

在為具有非凡才能的人提出申請時，申請人必須提交證據，證明該人曾在國內或國際上享有盛譽，且其成就已在專業領域內得到認可。在確定受益人是否享有 "持續的 "國內或國際聲譽時，官員應考慮這種聲譽必須保持。受益人可能非常年輕，或在其職業生涯初期，仍能顯示出持續的贊譽。持續也沒有明確的時間限制。

如果某人曾因某項成就而受到表彰，官員應確定該人自最初受到表彰以來是否在專業 領域繼續保持相當的聲譽。例如，一個人過去可能在國內或國際上獲得過贊譽，但此后卻未能保持類似的贊譽。

2. Continuing to Work in the Area of Expertise

To qualify as a person with extraordinary ability, the beneficiary must intend to continue to work in the area of his or her expertise.

The officer may encounter instances where it is difficult to determine whether the person’s intended employment falls sufficiently within the bounds of his or her area of extraordinary ability. Some of the most problematic cases are those in which the beneficiary’s sustained national or international acclaim is based on his or her abilities as an athlete, but the beneficiary’s intent is to come to the United States and be employed as an athletic coach or manager. Competitive athletics and coaching rely on different sets of skills and in general are not in the same area of expertise. However, many extraordinary athletes have gone on to be extraordinary coaches.

Therefore, in general, if a beneficiary has clearly achieved recent national or international acclaim as an athlete and has sustained that acclaim in the field of coaching or managing at a national level, officers can consider the totality of the evidence as establishing an overall pattern of sustained acclaim and extraordinary ability such that USCIS can conclude that coaching is within the beneficiary’s area of expertise.

Where the beneficiary has had an extended period of time to establish his or her reputation as a coach beyond the years in which he or she had sustained national or international acclaim as an athlete, depending on the specific facts, officers may place heavier, or exclusive, weight on the evidence of the beneficiary’s achievements as a coach or a manager.

2. 繼續在專業領域工作

受益人必須打算繼續在其專長領域工作，才有資格成為具非凡才能的人。

官員可能會遇到這樣的情況，即很難確定受益人打算從事的工作是否屬于其具有非凡才能的領域。一些最棘手的情況是，受益人因其作為運動員的能力而在國內或國際上享有盛譽，但受益人的意圖是來美國受雇擔任體育教練或經理。競技體育和教練依賴于不同的技能，一般來說不屬于同一專業領域。然而，許多杰出的運動員后來都成為了杰出的教練。 

因此，在一般情況下，如果受益人作為運動員在最近的國家或國際比賽中取得了顯著成績，并在國家級教練或管理領域保持了這種聲譽，移民局官員可以考慮將全部證據視為建立了一種持續聲譽和非凡能力的整體模式，從而得出結論認為教練屬于受益人的專業領域。

如果受益人作為運動員在國內或國際上享有盛譽的時間超過了其作為教練的時間，那么根據具體事實，官員可能會更重視或只重視受益人作為教練或經理人所取得成就的證據。

3. Entry to Substantially Benefit the United States

To qualify as a person with extraordinary ability, the person’s entry must substantially benefit the United States in the future. Although neither the statute nor the regulations specifically define the statutory phrase “substantially benefit,” it has been interpreted broadly.

Whether the petitioner demonstrates that the person’s employment meets this requirement requires a fact-dependent assessment of the case. There is no standard rule as to what will substantially benefit the United States. In some cases, a Request for Evidence (RFE) may be appropriate if an officer is not yet satisfied that the petitioner has met this requirement.

3. 入境對美國有實質性好處

要成為具有非凡能力的人，此人的入境必須在將來使美國實質受益。雖然法規和條例都沒有具體界定 "實質受益 "這一法定短語，但對其進行了廣義解釋。

申請人是否證明其就業符合這一要求，需要根據案件的實際情況進行評估。至于什么會使美國實質受益，并沒有標準規則。在某些情況下，如果官員對申請人是否符合這一要求尚不滿意，則可能需要請求提供證據 (RFE)。

B. Evidence of Extraordinary Ability

The regulations describe various types of evidence that the petitioner must submit in support of a petition as documentation of the beneficiary’s extraordinary ability.In general, the petitioner must submit evidence that:

The person has sustained national or international acclaim; and

The person’s achievements have been recognized in the field of expertise.

This initial evidence must include either evidence of a one-time achievement (for example, a major internationally recognized award, such as the Nobel Prize) or at least three of the types of evidence listed in the regulations.

The evidence provided in support of the petition need not specifically use the words "extraordinary." Rather, the material should be such that it is readily apparent that the person's contributions to the field are qualifying. Also, although some of the regulatory language relating to evidence occasionally uses plurals, it is entirely possible that the presentation of a single piece of evidence in a specific evidentiary 

category may be sufficient.

B. 非凡能力的證據

該條例描述了申請人為支持申請而必須提交的各種類型的證據，以證明受益人的非凡能 力：

此人在國內或國際上享有盛譽；以及此人的成就已在專業領域得到認可。

這些初步證據必須包括一次性成就的證據（例如，諾貝爾獎等國際公認的重要獎項），或至少三類條例中列出的證據。

為支持申請而提供的證據不必特別使用 "非凡 "一詞。相反，所提供的材料應讓人一目了然地看出該人在該領域的貢獻是合格的。此外，雖然與證據有關的一些規章語言偶爾會使用復數，但在特定證據類別中提供單個證據就已足夠。

Officers should use a two-step analysis to evaluate the evidence submitted with the petition to demonstrate eligibility for classification as a person with extraordinary ability.

Petition for Extraordinary Ability Classification: Overview of Two-Step Evidentiary Review

Step 1

Assess whether evidence meets regulatory criteria: Determine, by a preponderance of the evidence, which evidence submitted by the petitioner objectively meets the parameters of the regulatory description that applies to that type of evidence (referred to as "regulatory criteria").

Step 2

Final merits determination: Evaluate all the evidence together when considering the petition in its entirety for the final merits determination, in the context of the high level of expertise required for this immigrant classification.

1. Initial Evidence of Extraordinary Ability

The first step of the evidentiary review is limited to determining whether the evidence submitted with the petition meets the regulatory criteria. The evidence must be comprised of either a one-time achievement (that is, a major, internationally recognized award (i.e., Nobel Prize, Pulitzer, Oscar, Olympic Medal)) or at least three of the ten regulatory criteria or be comparable to at least three of the ten regulatory criteria. The officer should apply a preponderance of the evidence standard when making this determination.

For purposes of the first step of the analysis, officers should consider the quality and caliber of the evidence to determine whether a particular regulatory criterion has been met, to the extent the criterion has qualitative requirements.Officers should not yet make a determination regarding whether or not the person is one of that small percentage who have risen to the very top of the field or if the person has sustained national or international acclaim.

The following tables describe the limited determinations the officer should make in the first step of the analysis to determine whether the person has met the applicable evidentiary criteria, including any qualifying comparable evidence.

官員應采用兩步分析法來評估申請者提交的證據，以證明申請人有資格被歸類為具有非凡才能的人。

非凡能力申請： 兩步證據審查概述

第一步

評估證據是否符合監管標準： 通過優勢證據確定申請人提交的哪些證據客觀上符合適用于該類證據的監管說明參數（稱為 "監管標準"）。

第二步

最終優勢裁定： 在審議整個申請時，結合該移民類別所需的高水平專業知識，對所有證據進行綜合評估，以作出最終案情裁定。

1. 非凡才能的初步證據

證據審查的第一步僅限于確定隨申請提交的證據是否符合監管標準。證據必須由一次性成就（即國際公認的重要獎項比如諾貝爾獎，普利策獎、奧斯卡獎、奧運獎牌）或 10 項監管標準中的至少 3 項組成，或與 10 項監管標準中的至少 3 項相當。官員在做出這一決定時應采用優勢證據標準。

在分析的第一步，官員應考慮證據的質量和水平，以確定是否符合特定的監管標準，只要該標準有定性要求即可。官員還不應確定該人是否屬于少數幾個已躍居該領域頂峰的人，或該人是否在國內或國際上享有盛譽。

下表描述了官員在第一步分析中應做出的有限判斷，以確定此人是否符合適用的證據標準，包括任何符合條件的可比證據。